本文的主角是OpenCV中的morphologyEx函数，它利用基本的膨胀和腐蚀技术，来执行更加高级的形态学变换，如开闭运算、形态学梯度、“顶帽”、“黑帽”等等

void cv::morphologyEx( InputArray _src,OutputArray _dst, int op,      InputArray kernel, Pointanchor, int iterations, int borderType, constScalar& borderValue ) { //拷贝Mat数据到临时变量 Mat src = _src.getMat(), temp; _dst.create(src.size(), src.type()); Mat dst = _dst.getMat(); //一个大switch，根据不同的标识符取不同的操作 switch( op ) { case MORPH_ERODE: //腐蚀 erode( src, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue ); break; case MORPH_DILATE: //膨胀 dilate( src, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue ); break; case MORPH_OPEN: //开环 erode( src, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue ); dilate( dst, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue ); break; case CV_MOP_CLOSE: //闭环 dilate( src, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue ); erode( dst, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue ); break; case CV_MOP_GRADIENT://梯度 erode( src, temp, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue ); dilate( src, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue ); dst -= temp; break; case CV_MOP_TOPHAT: //顶帽 即是原图像与开运算后的图像相减 if( src.data != dst.data ) temp = dst; erode( src, temp, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue ); dilate( temp, temp, kernel, anchor,iterations, borderType, borderValue ); dst = src - temp; break; case CV_MOP_BLACKHAT: //黑帽 即是闭运算后的图像减去原图像 if( src.data != dst.data ) temp = dst; dilate( src, temp, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue); erode( temp, temp, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue); dst = temp - src; break; default: CV_Error( CV_StsBadArg, "unknown morphological operation" ); } }

• MORPH_OPEN – 开运算（Opening operation）
• MORPH_CLOSE – 闭运算（Closing operation）
• MORPH_GRADIENT -形态学梯度（Morphological gradient）
• MORPH_TOPHAT - “顶帽”（“Top hat”）
• MORPH_BLACKHAT - “黑帽”（“Black hat“）

膨胀与腐蚀的介绍可以参考这篇文章